Molecular and cellular exercise physiology

The cell

Cellular life span

Genes, genetic heterogeneity, and exercise phenotypes

Proteins and exercise

Extracellular matrix and exercise

Regulation of intracellular ion composition and pH

Inter- and intracellular signaling

Energy turnover and substrate utilization

Generation and disposal of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Cellular responses to environmental stress

Exercise and the cardiac myocyte

Exercise and endothelium

Activity-dependent adaptive responses of skeletal muscle fibers

Exercise and the alveolar and bronchial epithelial cell

Exercise and the liver cell

Exercise and the adipocyte

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Exercise and the brain.