Integrating technology for meaningful learning

Preface

Part 1. A Teaching and Learning Framework for Integrating Technology in Classrooms

Chapter 1. Key Themes and Issues for Using Technology in Your Classroom

Orientation

Uses of Technology: An Introduction to Key Themes

Physics: Probes and Projects

Knowing Nature: Technology as a Tool for the Personal Journey of Learning

E-portfolios: Reflection and Evaluation in the Middle-School Methods Class

Themes of Technology Use in the Classroom

Technology Integrated into Content-Area Instruction

Focus: Creative Tension: What Multiple Parties Want from Digital Portfolios

A Tools Approach

An Active Role for Students

A Facilitative Role for the Teacher

An Integrated or Multidisciplinary Approach

Standards and Performance-Based Assessment

Cooperative Learning

Spotlight on Assessment: Relating Learning and Assessment

Technology in Today's Classroom

Students' Access to Technology

What Students Do with Computers

Resources and Equity

Technology and School Reform

Key Elements for Twenty-first-Century Learning

Restructuring Schools

National Standards: Goals for Learning and Expectations for Technology

What Are Standards?

Standards and Reform

Standards for Learning with Technology

Standards and Educational Equity

Changing the Way Technology Is Used in Schools

Focus: ISTE Technology Standards

Focus: How Standards May Be Shaping What You Learn about the Application of Technology

Three Perspectives on Technology and School Reform

"Influence of Computer and Internet Use on Teachers' Pedagogical Practices"

"High Access and Low Use...: Explaining an Apparent Paradox"

"The Interplay of Teacher Beliefs, Social Dynamics, and Institutional Culture"

Teacher Preparation

Teacher Training

Teacher Attitudes

The Activity-Based Model of Technology Use

Focus: The National Educational Technology Plan

Early Use of Activity-Based Approaches

Today's Use of Activity-Based Approaches and Technology

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 1

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 2. Meaningful Learning in an Information Age

Orientation

Cognitive Models of School Learning

Fundamental Properties of Mental Activity

Memory Stores

Short-Term Memory

Long-Term Memory

Processes: Mental Tools for Doing the Work of Thinking and Learning

Metacognition

Metacognitive Knowledge

Metacognitive Control Functions

Using Technology to Improve Metacognitive Skills

Mental Activity: A Recap

Conceptual Models of School Learning

Meaningful Learning

Reception versus Discovery

Characterizing Typical Learning Activities

When to Use Discovery Techniques

Constructivism

Spotlight on Assessment: Performance Assessment

Reviewing the Common Themes

Focus: Are We Abandoning Truth?

From Theory to Practice: Teaching, Learning, and the Role of Technology

Authentic Activities

Inert Knowledge

Authentic Activities and Technology

Higher-Order Thinking and Transfer

Ways to Teach Higher-Order Thinking

Transfer: The Low Road and the High Road

The Social Context of Learning

Focus: Using the Internet for Authentic Activities

Cognitive Apprenticeship

Cooperative Learning

Learning Communities

Project-Based Learning

Focus: Lev Vygotsky

Previewing Technology Options That May Expand How You Think about Student Learning

Computer Tools and Thinking Behavior

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Ideas for Content-Area Projects

Hypermedia Projects

Research about Learning with Technology

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 2

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Part 2. Learning How to Integrate Technology with Your Teaching

Chapter 3. Using Tools: Word Processors, Databases, Spreadsheets, and Data Probes

Orientation

Productivity Tools in the Work of Teachers and Students

The Tools Approach

Word Processing

Characteristics of Word Processing Programs

Text Input

Storage and Retrieval

Formatting

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Word Processing Activities for All Grade Levels

Editing

Special Tools

Document Design Capabilities

The Value of Word Processing Features

Writers, Writing, and Word Processing

Focus: Learning Word Processing Features

The Writing Process Approach

Keyboarding

Spotlight on Assessment: Electronic Portfolios

Focus: Using Inspiration to Brainstorm

Spreadsheets

Focus: Publication on the Internet

Emerging Technology: Inexpensive "Keyboard" Computers

Comparing Winter Temperatures: A Spreadsheet Project

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Spreadsheet Activities

Focus: Using a Spreadsheet to Help Understand the Solution to an Algebraic Equation

Databases

Developing a Database

Investigating Wildflowers: A Database Project

Reflections on Spreadsheet and Database Programs

Data Collection Devices

Examples of Data Collection

Using Data Collection to Encourage Higher-Order Thinking

Focus: Using a Data Logger to Measure Stress

Emerging Technology: GPS and GIS: Interpreting Data in Relationship to Place

Geocaching: Encouraging Local Explorations Using GPS

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 3

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 4. Using Instructional Software and Multimedia for Content-Area Learning

Orientation

"Sniffy, the Virtual Rat": An Example of Learning from the Computer

Computer-Based Instruction

The Process of Instruction

Categories of Instructional Software

Tutorials

How Tutorials Function

Evaluating Tutorials

Simulations

Operation: Frog-An Example of a Simulation

Attributes of Simulations, Learning, and Transfer

Advantages of Simulations

Drill and Practice

Applications of Drill-and-Practice Software

Focus of Drill and Practice

Educational Games

Examples of Educational Games

Classroom Uses of Games

Exploratory Environments

Characteristics of Exploratory Environments

Hypermedia Environments

Effectiveness of Exploratory Environments

Multimedia and Hypermedia in the Delivery of Computer-Assisted Instruction

What Are Multimedia, Hypermedia, and Hypertext?

What Are CD-ROM and DVD?

CD-ROM Technology

DVD Technology

Other Forms of Multimedia Found in Classrooms

Talking Books

Multimedia References

Learning from Multimedia Instructional Resources

Emerging Technology: The Evolution of Multimedia Encyclopedias

Strengths and Weaknesses of Multimedia and Hypermedia

Advantages of Multiple Formats and Alternative Perspectives

Concerns about Multimedia in Classrooms

The Evaluation of Computer-Assisted Instruction

Summary of Research on CAI

Interpreting Contradictory Research Findings: The Arguments about CAI Effectiveness

Evaluating Software

Evaluation Forms

Constructivism and Cooperative Learning with Instructional Software

Keeping Current: Locating Appropriate Software

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 4

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 5. The Internet as a Tool for Communication

Orientation

What Is the Internet?

What Roles Can the Internet Play in Education?

Internet Tools for Communication

Internet Tools for Inquiry

Internet Tools for Construction

Learning by Communicating

E-mail

Focus: Making the Connection

Mailing Lists

Conferences

Focus: Joining a List Maintained by a Server

Keeping Current: Finding Useful Mailing Lists

Chat and Instant Messaging

Videoconferencing

Telecomputing Activity Structures

Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer-Mediated Communication

Focus: Capitalizing on Volunteerism through Telementoring

CMC's Impact on Discussion

Potential Problems with CMC

Focus: Netiquette Guidelines

Facilitating Online Discussion

Your Technical Role

Your Social Role

Your Managerial Role

Your Pedagogical Role

Focus: Key Issues for Online Discussions

Gaining Experience

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 5

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 6. The Internet as a Tool for Inquiry

Orientation

A Classroom Example of an Authentic Inquiry Task

The World Wide Web and Web Exploration Tools

Focus: Internet Addresses

Web Browsers

Keeping Track of Online Resources

Making Bookmarks More Informative

Exporting Bookmarks

Locating Information on the Web: Browsing versus Searching

An Example of Browsing

Types of Search Services

Search Engine and Directory Combinations

Index Search Engines

Meta-Index Searches

Which Type of Search Engine Should I Use?

Conducting a Search

Using the Web in Your Classroom

Categories of Web Resources

Online Tutorials

Instructional Resources

Primary Sources

Focus: Doing History: Supporting History Teachers in Promoting Historical Inquiry

Keeping Current: Subscription Information Services

Strategies for Using Primary Sources on the Web

The Big Six

Focus: Issues in Classroom Use of Web Resources

Focus: Information Literacy Standards

The Big Six and the Internet

Information Seeking on the Internet

Locating and Accessing Internet Resources

Using Internet Information

Focus: Citing Internet Sources

Evaluating Web Information

Editorial Review and Screening of Internet Resources

Searching a Database of Reviewed Sites

Using Resources Identified by an Educational Portal

Digitized Primary Sources from Reputable Institutions

Making Your Own Decisions

Who Is the Author?

Is There an Organizational Sponsor?

Additional Evaluation Criteria

Using the Web for Active Learning

Obtaining Current Weather Data: An Internet Project

Scaffolding Web Exploration

The Snow Goose Crisis: A WebQuest Example

Background

Instructional Tasks

WebQuest Presentation

Conclusion: New Challenges for Teachers

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 6

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 7. Using Multimedia Tools

Orientation

Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

A System for Classifying Student Multimedia Projects

Embellished Documents

Linear Multimedia Presentations or Slide Shows

Hypermedia

Thinking Beyond What Your Projects Will Look Like

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Slide Show Activities

Software Tools for Creating Multimedia Projects

Creating Embellished Documents with Word Processing Programs

Creating Multimedia Slide Shows

KidPix Slideshow

Presentation Software

Example of a Classroom Presentation

Multimedia Authoring Environments for Hypermedia

eZediaMX

Elements of the eZediaMX System

Is PowerPoint a Multimedia Authoring Environment?

Emerging Technology: eZediaQTI

Other Multimedia Authoring Environments

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 7

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 8. Learning to Work with Images, Sound, and Video

Orientation

The Case of the Missing Gerbil

Tools for Creating and Manipulating Images

Paint and Draw Programs

Creating Original Images

Modifying Existing Images

Saving Images That Can Be Used by Application Programs

Organizing and Saving Large Image Collections

Comparing Paint and Draw Programs

Using Graphics Tools in a Writing Assignment

Focus: Screen Capture

Understanding Graphics File Formats

Tools for Capturing Still Images

Focus: Graphics for the Web

Flatbed Scanners

Digital Cameras

Still Images from Video

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Video Images to Capture

Locating Image Sources

Coloring Books

World Wide Web

Student Art

Clip Art Collections

Organizing Your Image Collection

iPhoto

Working with Video

Digital Camcorders

Video Production

Planning Phase

Collecting Primary Sources and Generating Interpretive Products

Editing

Focus: Camcorder Tips

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Video Productions

Clay Animation: Creating Video by Sequencing Images of Clay Characters

Capturing and Storing Sounds for Multimedia Projects

Emerging Technology: Background Music

Emerging Technology: Digital Audio Recording and Podcasts

Learning with Sound and Graphics Tools

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 8

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Chapter 9. Learning from Student Projects: Knowledge as Design and the Design of Hypermedia

Orientation

"Is This the Way It Is?": Creating a Geography Project for an Authentic Audience

Knowledge as Design

Looking at Student-Authored Hypermedia

Principles of Hypermedia Design: The Process of Developing Software

Content Organization

Experiencing Content in a Variety of Ways

Organizational Structure

Graphic Design

Screen Layout

Text Presentation and Writing Style

User Interface and Navigation

Menus and Maps

Buttons

Student Cooperation: Fundamentals for Design Teams

Going Beyond Factual Information

Group Investigation

Hypercomposition Design Model

Activities and Projects for Your Classroom: Planets

Planning

Transforming and Translating

Collecting Information

Spotlight on Assessment Evaluating Projects

Generating Knowledge

Evaluating and Revising

Focus: Experimenting with Different Structures and Linking Systems

Focus: Alternative: A Filmmaking Model

The Teacher's Role in the Design Process

Works of Mind

Apprenticeship Method

Project Quality

Student Projects, Standards, and Restructuring

Student Projects on the Web

Basic Features and Skills

Alternative Ways to Construct Web Pages

Word Processing Programs

Web Authoring Software for Students

Emerging Technology: Blogs and Blogging

General-Purpose Web Authoring Software

Design Tips for Web Pages

Navigation System

Page Layout

Use of Graphics and Video

Text Presentation

Learning through Design: The Canada Project

Overview and Project Goals

Project Specifics

Evaluation and Outcomes

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 9

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Part 3. Looking at Issues for the Present and Future

Chapter 10. Responsible Use of Technology

Orientation

Equity of Educational Opportunity

Equity and SES

Educational Testing Service (ETS) Mathematics Study

Role of Educators' Perceptions

Equity and the Classroom Teacher

Equity and Gender

Focus: The E-rate as a Solution for Disadvantaged Schools

Equity and Student Ability

Adapting Technology for Equal Access

Adaptations for Mobility Impairments

Adaptations for Visual Impairments

Adaptive Web Page Design

Emerging Technology: Adaptations for Visually Impaired Web Users

Copyright Law and Respect for Intellectual Property

Education and Copyright: Issues and Problems

Copyright Law

Establishing a Copyright

Rights, Licenses, and Permissions

Copying Computer Software

Fair Use

Focus: Obtaining Permission to Copy

Using Student Work on Web Sites

Rules of Thumb: Suggested Answers for the Copyright Questions

Protecting Students from Inappropriate Material and Experiences

Potential Dangers and Reasonable Protection

Focus: Digital Cheating

Balancing Freedom and Protection

Safe Areas of the Internet

Filtering

Firewall

Stand-Alone Filtering Software

Safety Guidelines, Acceptable-Use Policies, and Supervision

Safety Guidelines

Acceptable-Use Policies

Supervision

Focus: Rules for the Safe and Appropriate Use of the Internet

Summary

Reflecting on Chapter 10

Activities

Key Terms

Resources to Expand Your Knowledge Base

Glossary

References

Index