Climate change and globalization in the arctic: an integrated approach to vulnerability assessment

List of figures and tables

Acknowledgements

Introduction: Vulnerability Assessment in the Context of Multiple Levels and Impacts

Understanding change and societies in flux

Research questions

Organization of the book

Chapter 1. Structuring the Conceptions of Change

1.1. Vulnerability assessment

1.1.1. The concepts of vulnerability and adaptive capacity

1.1.2. The history of vulnerability assessment

1.1.3. The extension of climate change vulnerability assessment to social vulnerability

1.1.4. Community-based and double-exposure approaches

1.1.5. Assessing vulnerability and adaptive capacity

1.2. Adaptation as a political process

1.3. A focus on multi-level governance for vulnerability assessment

1.4. Analysing, organizing and understanding large-scale change

1.5. Conceiving of multiple impacts: Definitions of economic and political globalization

1.5.1. Economic globalization

1.5.2. Political globalization

1.6. A framework for assessing vulnerability and adaptive capacity to multiple stresses

Chapter 2. A Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment

2.1. The approach to vulnerability assessment in this work

2.1.1. Stakeholder-defined nested scale levels and stressors

2.1.2. Relation of the study to participatory and modelling-focused vulnerability assessment

2.2. A structure for vulnerability assessment

2.2.1. Overview of the methodology

2.2.2. Case study selection

2.2.2.1. Case study areas

2.2.3. Methodology and material

2.2.4. Identification of governance networks and norms

2.2.5. Synthesis of climate change scenario and impacts literature

2.2.5.1. General impacts of climate change

2.2.5.2. Impacts of climate change on forestry

2.2.5.3. Impacts of climate change on reindeer herding

2.2.5.4. Impacts of climate change on fishing

2.2.6. Understanding change

Chapter 3. Perceptions of Change, Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity among Forest Industry Stakeholders in Northern Sweden and Finland

3.1. Introduction: The organization of forestry in Sweden and Finland

3.2. Socioeconomic change in the industry

3.2.1. Rationalization and technological change over time

3.2.2. Impacts on smaller actors: The example of small sawmills

3.2.3. The mobility of larger actors and dependence on resource access

3.2.4. The changing role of the state

3.3. The political network influencing the forest industry

3.3.1. Support possibilities at the local and regional levels

3.3.2. National legislation and support

3.3.3. International normative changes: Environmental protection as a priority

3.3.3.1. Nature reserves

3.3.3.2. Certification: Socioeconomic and political globalization?

3.3.4. The governance network as perceived by local forestry

3.4. Climate and climate change

3.4.1. Climate impacts on forestry in autumn and winter

3.4.2. Spring and summer

3.5. Conclusion: Vulnerability and adaptive capacity in forestry

3.5.1. Adaptations at the company level and in employment

3.5.2. Adaptation in the context of administration and policy

3.5.3. Particular adaptations to climate: Climate change as an addition to an increasing resource problematique

3.6. The nature of adaptation

Chapter 4. Perceptions of Change, Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity among Reindeer Herding Stakeholders in Northern Norway, Sweden and Finland

4.1. Introduction: The organization of reindeer herding in Norway, Sweden and Finland

4.1.1. Reindeer herding organizations and practices

4.2. Socioeconomic changes in reindeer herding

4.2.1. Increased mechanization, costs and supplementary feeding

4.2.2. Supplementary feeding

4.2.3. The meat market, meat prices and profitability

4.2.3.1. Solutions to the meat market problem: Refining and marketing to increase consumption

4.3. Political change in the sector: Legislation and support

4.3.1. National systems for financial support and stabilizing the number of reindeer

4.3.2. Impacts on reindeer herding from multiple use of forests

4.3.3. International norms and regulation impacting reindeer herding

4.3.4. The governance network perceived by reindeer herding

4.4. Climate change

4.4.1. Autumn and winter

4.4.2. Spring and summer

4.5. Conclusion: Vulnerability and adaptive capacity in reindeer herding

4.5.1. Adaptations at the individual level to economic changes

4.5.2. Adaptation within the governance and political regulatory framework

4.5.3. Adaptation to climate change

4.6. The vulnerability of reindeer herding

Chapter 5. Perceptions of Change, Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity among Fishing Stakeholders in Northernmost Norway

5.1. Introduction: Fishing organizations in Norway

5.2. The socioeconomic change in fishing

5.2.1. Change over time

5.2.2. The quota system and fishing economy

5.2.3. Market adaptations: Different types of fish processing

5.3. Political and organizational change in fishing

5.3.1. Contested fishing rights

5.3.2. Local and regional-level support for fishing

5.3.3. National-level state and interest group decision-making and quota allocation

5.3.4. The impact of international norms and the international and EU levels

5.3.5. The governance network perceived by local small-scale fishing

5.4. Environmental and climate change in fishing

5.4.1. Environmental influences on fish populations

5.4.2. Climate change

5.4.2.1. Autumn and winter

5.4.2.2. Spring and summer

5.5. Conclusion: Vulnerability and adaptive capacity

5.5.1. Individual adaptations

5.5.2. Larger-scale adaptation within the governance network

5.5.3. Adaptations to climate change

5.6. The vulnerability of local fishing

Chapter 6. Conclusion

6.1. Economic, political and environmental changes

6.1.1. Economic globalization?

6.1.2. Political globalization? The pattern of governance and the role of traditional policy actors

6.1.3. Interaction between economic and political globalization: Governance by the state and the market

6.1.4. Is globalization a key determinant of change?

6.1.5. Is globalization a key determinant of social vulnerability and adaptive capacity?

6.1.6. Climate change

6.2. Conclusion: Summary of vulnerability, adaptive capacity and types of adaptation in the areas

Notes

References

Index