The Native American mascot controversy: a handbook

Background. Chiefs, braves, and tomahawks : the use of American Indians as university mascots / Robert Longwell-Grice and Hope Longwell-Grice

Teach them respect not racism : common themes and questions about the use of "Indian" logos / Barbara E. Munson

Native Americans and sports mascots / Sharon Pray Muir

The problems with Native American mascots / Laurel R. Davis

What the "Fighting Sioux" tells us about white people / Robert Jensen

Gendered discourse: higher education, mascots, and race / Jennifer Guiliano.

Educational Issues. A letter from the Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign to the University of Illinois Board of Trustees regarding the use of Chief Illiniwek

On the use of American Indian mascots : a presentation to the NCAA Minority Opportunities and Interests Committee / Roy H. Saigo

American Indian imagery and the miseducation of America / Ellen J. Staurowsky

Native images in schools and the racially hostile environment / Lawrence R. Baca

Native mascots and ethnic fraud in higher education : using tribal critical race theory and the interest convergence principle as an analytic tool / Angelina E. Castagno and Stacey J. Lee

Mascots and meaning : how one district worked through the emotional issue of changing team logos / Terry Grier

Strategies for making team identity change / David Carl Wahlberg

Native American mascots and alumni giving / Patrick J. McEwan and Clive R. Belfield.

Reform and Resistance. Defensive dialogues : Native American mascots, anti-Indianism, and educational institutions / C. Richard King

Putting the moccasin on the other foot : a media history of the "Fighting Whities" / Bruce E. Johansen

Note to Congress : stop shielding "Indian" mascots and start defending Indian people / Suzan Shown Harjo

The resurrection of the chief / Dave Zirin

Tribe approval of mascots not enough / Daily Cardinal Editorial Board, University of Wisconsin.

Documents : Policies, Resolutions, and Legislation. Statement on the use of Native American images and nicknames as sports symbols (2001) / U.S. Commission on Civil Rights

The Five Civilized Tribes Intertribal Council mascot resolution (July 14, 2001) / Five Civilized Tribes Intertribal Council

Opposition to the University of North Dakota's use of the Fighting Sioux name and logo (2002) / Governing Body of the Three Affiliated Tribes of the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation

Denouncement of the use of any American Indian name or artifice associated with team mascots by any professional/nonprofessional sport teams (1993) / National Congress of American Indians

Resolution in opposition to Native American mascots (1999) / National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Statement on team names (1993) / American Jewish Committee

Statement on the use of American Indian sports mascots (January 27, 1999) / Society of Indian Psychologists

Resolution recommending the immediate retirement of American Indian mascots, symbols, images, and personalities by schools, colleges, universities, athletic teams, and organizations (2005) / American Psychological Association

Native American imagery resolution (2005) / North American Society for the Sociology of Sport

Policy on Native American logos and names (1993) / University of Wisconsin Athletic Department

Competition and anti-discrimination policy (2002) / Advisory Committee on Athletics, University of Minnesota

Guideline for use of Native American mascots (2005) / National Collegiate Athletic Association

Resolution on the elimination of American Indian mascots (1997) / Los Angeles City Board of Education

Resolution condemning use of derogatory sports team names, mascots, and symbols (1999) / Hutchinson Human Relations Commission

Resolution on Native American mascots (1998) / Governors' Interstate Indian Council

Resolution on Native American mascots (2002) / New Hampshire Board of Education

Resolution of the Nebraska Commission on Indian Affairs (1999) / Nebraska Commission on Indian Affairs

Report on use of nicknames, logos, and mascots depicting Native American people in Michigan educational institutions (1988) / Michigan Civil Rights Commission

California Racial Mascots Act AB 858 (2004) / State of California

Oklahoma Racial Mascots Act, senate bill 567 (2005) / Bill introduced in the Oklahoma state legislature

Tennessee Mascot Act (2007) / State of Tennessee

U.S. House Resolution 1933 (2005) / 109th Congress, U.S. House of Representatives

Protection of University Governance Act of 2006 / Bill introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives.

Additional Resources

Organizations advocating change

American Indian mascot nickname changes : a chronology.