Linguistic justice for Europe and for the world

Introduction

1. Lingua Franca

1.1. Europe's lingua franca

1.2. A global lingua franca?

1.3. Probability-driven language learning

1.4. Maxi-min language use

1.5. The maxi-min dynamics

1.6. Deviation from maxi-min: didactic and symbolic

1.7. Maxi-min dynamics and power relationships

1.8. Power and the rise of English

1.9. Lingua franca and justificatory community

1.10. Lingua franca and trans-national demos

1.11. A vector of ideological domination?

1.12. Go English?

Appendix: three alternatives to lingua franca convergence

1. Babel Fish

2. Esperanto

(a). Neutrality

(b). Simplicity

3. Lingua franca pluralism

(a). Disjunctive plural regime

(b). Conjunctive plural regime

2. Linguistic Justice As Fair Cooperation

2.1. Anglophones as free riders

2.2. Indefinite learning versus one-off conversion

2.3. A stylized picture

2.4. Efficient cost sharing: Church and King

2.5. Equal cost sharing: Pool

2.6. Equal benefit sharing: Gauthier

2.7. Equal ratio of cost to benefit: Romans

2.8. Why the small may subsidize the big

2.9. Estimating the cost of language learning

2.10. Real-life approximations

2.11. A linguistic tax?

2.12. Compensatory poaching?

Appendix

1. Formal expression of the four criteria of fair cooperation in the case of two linguistic communities

2. Equal cost-benefit ratios with many linguistic communities

3. linguistic Justice As Equal Opportunity

3.1. Liberal-egalitarian justice

3.2. Language, religion, and rights

3.3. Language-based inequality of opportunities

3.4. Tinkering with the language regime

3.5. Transfers to the linguistically handicapped

3.6. Dissemination through immersion schooling

3.7. An inexpensive instrument of dissemination

3.8. A ban on dubbing?

3.9. Disadvantage reversed?

4. Lingustic Justice As Party Of Esteem

4.1. Equal respect

4.2. All languages on the same symbolic footing

4.3. Piggy-backing on the instrumental function

4.4. Who should pay for costly symbols ?

4.5. Downsized plurilingualism

4.6. Rhetoric and exhortation

5. Linguistic Territoriality

5.1. A territorially differentiated coercive regime

5.2. Non-starters: right of the soil and national sovereignty

5.3. First argument: colonial attitude

5.4. Second argument: kindness-driven agony

5.5. Third argument: every tongue a queen

5.6. Territorial reciprocity

5.7. Pacification through territoriality?

5.8. Territoriality versus heterogeneity

5.9. The cost of universal proficiency

5.10. The ground floor of the world

5.11. Diaspora buffers and regime relaxation

5.12. Deep heterogeneity

5.13. Democratic settlement

5.14. Fair resignation

6. Linguistic Diversity

6.1. "What is diversity?

6.2. What is linguistic diversity?

6.3. Multilingualism against linguistic diversity?

6.4. Local diversity versus inter-local diversity

6.5. Curse or treasure?

6.6. Economic solidarity, identification, and communication

6.7. Local diversity and solidarity

6.8. Inter-local diversity and solidarity:an unexpected alliance?

6.9. Inter-local diversity and solidarity:an undeniable tension

6.10. Real freedom for all versus parity of esteem

Conclusion

Notes

Bibliography

Index